Introduction to Telecommunications
Definition of Communication Systems ;Analogue Communication; Analogue
Bandwidth; Distortion; Digital Communications; Digital Vs Analogue
Telephony
Principles
Bandwidth
of the PSTN; Decibel; 2-Wire and 4-Wire Systems; Hybrid; Echo; Echo
Cancellation
Digital
and Analogue Techniques
Converting Analogue to Digital; Pulse Code Modulation (PCM);
Quantisation/Encoding; A law and µ-Law; Modems
Standards
& Numbering Plans
ITU-T;
IAB; Numbering Plan E.164; X.121; IP
Transmission Mediums
Types of
Transmission Medium; Electrical Cables; Fibre Optic Cables; Microwave;
Radio; Undersea Cables; Satellites
Distribution and Access Methods
Distribution Network; MDF; Vaults; PCP; DP Telephony over Passive Optical
Networks (TPON); Digital Datalink (E1); E1 Frame Structure; 64 kbit/s
Datalinks; N x 64 kbit/s; DACS; xDSL; 155Mbps access; xDSL
Exchange
Operation
Digital
Exchange; Subscriber access; Trunk access module; Time and Space
Switching; Control Equipment.
Private
Automatic Branch eXchange (PABX)
Private
Branch eXchange (PBX); Key Telephone Systems; PABX Facilities and
Features; Networking PBX’s.
Signalling
Analogue
Signalling Methods; E & M Signalling; Signalling System Direct Current
No.5 (SSDC5); Tone on Idle; Loop Calling; Earth Calling; Digital
Signalling; Channel Associated Signalling (CAS); CAS; Common Channel
Signalling (CCS); Foreign Exchange; Break Out / Break In;
ITU G.
Recommendations
ITU-T G.
Recommendations; G.703; Line Encoding; High Density Bipolar (HDB3);
Bipolar with (6, 8) Zero Substitution (B6ZS and B8ZS); 2.048 Mbit/s
Interface (E1 Trunk); Countries Hierarchy Speeds; Europe; North American
(T1); 2.048 Mbit/s Frame Structure; G.704 CRC; G.732 Alarm conditions
DS-1
Trunks
North
American Datalinks; D4; D5/ESF; Conditions, States and Signals
Other
Services
Centrex;
Feature Net; Virtual Private Networks (VPN); Call Conferencing
Voice
Encoding Techniques
Voice
Encoding Techniques; Adaptive Differential Pulse Coded Modulation (ADPCM);
7 kHz ; Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP); CS-ACELP; MPMLQ; Mean
Opinion Score (MOS)
Other
Networks
Circuit
Switching; Packet switching; Connection oriented and Connectionless; Cell
Switching; TCP/IP; X.25; Frame Relay; Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM);
MPLS; Message Switching; Electronic Mail; Internet;
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI); Telex.
Computer
Telephony Integration (CTI)
Benefits
of CTI; Call Sequencing Systems; Uniform Call Distribution (UCD);
Automatic Call Distribution Systems; Intelligent ACD Distribution; Call
Processing; Voice Processing Interactive Voice Response Units (IVR); Voice
Mail; Automated Attendant; Audiotex Systems; Outbound Calling; Teleworking;
Call Management Systems (CMS).
Multiplexing, PDH & SDH Systems
Time
Division Multiplexing (TDM); Primary Reference Clock (PRC); Recovered
Clocks; Timing Issues; Timing Design; Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH);
PDH Multiplexer Mountain; PDH
Justification; Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH); SDH & Sonet;
Synchronous Nodes and Networks.
Integrated
Services Digital Network
Introduction (ISDN); Basic Rate Interface (BRI); BRI Reference Points;
Primary Rate Interface (PRI); ISDN Services; Aggregation of B Channels;
Backup and Top up
Mobile
Communications
Introduction; Wireless PABXs; Wireless Lans; Mobile G2; GPRS; UMTS;